5 Top Causes of Shoulder Dislocations

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Article featured on Coastal Orthopedics

It is a great compliment to be described as having “broad shoulders.” This indicates a person with strength, skill, and experience, able to take on many responsibilities and handle any criticisms without complaint.

The same holds true in athletics, in which big, broad shoulders are an indicator of power, endurance, and durability. And in general, the expression holds considerable truth: strong shoulders are a necessity for most sports, most of which require excellent upper-body skills such as swinging, throwing, and lifting—sometimes with extreme force.

However, no matter how strong or broad one’s shoulders may be, this feature does not change the fact that a dislocated shoulder is the #1 most common joint dislocation injury.

What is a Dislocated Shoulder?

The shoulders are the human body’s most mobile joints. Able to rotate in nearly every direction and every angle, they provide remarkable flexibility and power for every conceivable usage of the arm, from the most demanding athletic activities to the most subtle and delicate of gestures. But this versatility comes with a major compromise: that of structural strength and stability.

Structurally speaking, the shoulder is evolved more for flexibility and motion, and not as much for strength and stability. Our arms normally do not require the heavy lifting power of our legs; our shoulders don’t need to anchor and support the entire weight of the head and torso, as do our hips.

The compromise of freedom-of-motion over stability is what leaves the shoulder so susceptible to dislocation. More than half of all joint dislocations treated across the country are for the shoulder.

How Does a Dislocated Shoulder Happen?

A shoulder dislocation generally occurs when the ball-shaped top of the upper arm bone (humerus) is pulled partially or completely out of its shallow, cup-shaped socket in the shoulder blade (scapula). A ring of tough cartilage lines that socket, and the bones are connected by the ligaments of the joint capsule and the tendons of the rotator cuff, forming a kind of protective sleeve holding the joint together.

The entire structure provides remarkable resiliency to the stresses of everyday motions. Significant force is required to pull the humerus out of its socket, and to overcome the cushioning and shock absorption abilities of the tissues of the joint capsule. This is why a dislocation often includes damage to any or all of the surrounding tissues, adding complications to the injury such as torn ligaments, severed tendons, internal bleeding, inflammation, etc.

Most shoulder dislocations occur when the shoulder is forcibly moved upwards and back—the one direction the shoulder cannot easily go. However, if enough pressure is applied to the joint, the top of your humerus may become dislocated in any direction or angle.

Type of Shoulder Dislocations

Doctors classify shoulder dislocations into three groups:

  1. Traumatic dislocation – With this dislocation, the shoulder has been subjected to a strong traumatic force, one powerful enough to have pulled the shoulder out of joint. This generally results in a serious injury that will require rehabilitation and surgery to correct.
  2. Atraumatic dislocation – With this type dislocation, the shoulder dislocates with little force, caused by everyday activities like reaching for something on a high shelf, or rolling onto the shoulder in bed. This injury may happen repeatedly to a person with loose ligaments (“double joints”) with no pain or damage.
  3. Positional non-traumatic dislocations – Some people’s shoulder muscles operate in unusual patterns, resulting in the ability to pull their shoulders out of joint easily, painlessly, and at will. Physical therapy or surgery may be used to correct the issue, should it become painful or problematic, but most people who can do this trick would rather keep this skill and use it to frighten their children or impress their friends.

The Five Most Common Causes of Dislocated Shoulders

A dislocated shoulder may occur from five common sources: sports injuries, impact injuries, falls, repetitive stress injuries (RSIs), and “loose ligaments.”

1. Sports injury

Shoulder dislocations occur most commonly in sports and athletic activities, particularly those that require repeated, forceful use of the shoulder. In addition, any impact that includes a twisting motion increases the likelihood of a resulting shoulder dislocation.

  • Injuries common in all the following sports often result in a dislocated shoulder (specific activities that can cause this injury are listed for each activity):
  • Football: High-speed impact with other players; full-speed falls to the turf; throwing too hard; overreaching to catch or grab; hyperextensions; hard tackles; overtraining.
  • Hockey: High speed impacts with other players wearing heavy protective gear; crashes into walls and barriers; falls onto the ice; impact with hockey sticks.
  • Rock climbing: Hanging too long with one’s full weight on one arm; slipping and making an emergency grab; catching heavy falling equipment.
  • Rugby: Heavy impacts with one or more players; crashing to the turf with other players (especially when one or more fall on top of you); tackling; falling.
  • Soccer: Falls at all-out running speeds; tackles; impact with hard-kicked balls.
  • Skiing: High-velocity falls; long skidding crashes; impacts onto icy or hard surfaces.
  • Volleyball: Falls; hyperextensions; being hit by a ball hit a high speeds.
  • Gymnastics: Impacts, especially those requiring the placement of one’s full weight on one’s hands; falls from heights; impact with equipment such a balance beam or pommel horse.

2. Impact injury

  • Car accidents: Shoulders often bear the brunt of blows during motor vehicle accidents.
  • Hard impacts to the shoulder: Such as accidentally ramming a door frame while running, or taking a blow to the shoulder during an altercation.
  • Violent seizures or shocks: These may cause powerful muscle spasms that result in injuries throughout the body, including shoulder dislocations.

3. Falls

  • Trying to break a fall: Throwing out your hand is totally instinctive, but this often results in either a dislocated shoulder or, worst case, a snapped clavicle.
  • Any fall: Falling from as little as 4 or 5 feet can be dangerous, whether it is falling off of a ladder onto your shoulder, or tripping and falling full onto the floor. Either may result in a dislocated shoulder.
  • Impacts onto hard surfaces: Falling onto surfaces such as a concrete sidewalk or a wood floor can be hard enough to cause a dislocation.

4. Repetitive Stress Injury

  • Overtraining: Often caused by overtraining in specific sports-related movements, e.g. practicing a golf swing; swimming too many laps; serving too many tennis balls or volleyballs; or throwing too many baseball pitches, football passes, or basketball foul shots.
  • Work-related activities: These may also result in a shoulder dislocation; for example, sawing wood, moving heavy bags, or digging.

5. Loose ligaments

  • Connective tissue loosening: The connective tissue in the shoulder that normally keeps the head of the upper arm bone in the shoulder socket may become “loose” due to injury, overuse, or from previous shoulder dislocations. Such an unstable joint may become likely to suffer repeated dislocations.
  • Multi-directional instability: This is a fancy name for a genetic condition commonly known as “double jointedness.”

Summary

Dislocated shoulders are very common, especially in athletics. If you or your child is headed back into the sports season soon, you may wish to see a doctor for a pre-season physical to rule out risk factors and to learn more about how to prevent this injury.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.

New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.

Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.

If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

What is a Total Shoulder Replacement?

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Article featured on Orthopaedic Institute Brielle Orthopaedics

Total shoulder replacement is a surgical procedure that treats severe shoulder osteoarthritis that does not respond to nonsurgical treatment options.

At The Orthopaedic Institute Brielle Orthopaedics our Shoulder Specialists have extensive experience and utilize the latest technology in performing shoulder replacement procedures.

The procedure is effective because it removes osteoarthritic bone and cartilage and replaces it with functional metal and plastic components that serve as a “new shoulder”. After recovery and physical therapy, patients experience tremendous pain relief and live normal lives with minimal restrictions.

Important procedure steps are:

  1.  Anesthesia. A Board Certified Anesthesiologist administers general anesthesia so no pain or discomfort is felt during the procedure.
  2. Incision. A small incision is made on the front of the shoulder. Muscles and soft tissues are retracted so the joint can be visualized.
  3. Bone preparation. The head of the humerus (arm bone) and glenoid cavity are carefully cut in preparation of implants.
  4. Trial implants. Trial implants are placed in the shoulder until the perfect size is found. A physical examination confirms the implants fit and the shoulder moves properly.
  5. Permanent implants. Biological cement is placed over the bones and permanent metal and plastic implants are put in place. Once the cement hardens, an additional physical examination is performed.
  6. Incision closure. Sutures and skin staples close the incision and sterile dressings cover it. A shoulder sling is put on to keep the shoulder in a neutral position.

Total procedure time is usually 1 hour depending on osteoarthritis severity and shoulder anatomy.

A short hospital stay is necessary for pain management, infection prevention and physical therapy purposes. In some cases, a partial total replacement (one bone is replaced) or reverse total shoulder (implant positions are reversed) replacement are performed.

It is always best to receive a shoulder osteoarthritis diagnosis as soon as possible. Early treatment relieves symptoms and prevents the chronic condition from becoming worse.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.

New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.

Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.

If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

Ways to Deal with Severe Shoulder Pain

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Article featured on HealthPartners

A diagnosis of osteoarthritis can be tough. But golfing, swimming and tennis don’t have to be over. Neither do activities like playing catch with the grandkids and working out.

Some shoulder pain can be relieved with medicine, exercise, physical therapy, ice and heat. But if your pain still won’t go away, it may be time to consider shoulder replacement surgery.

When you move your shoulder, your bone, muscles, tendons and cartilage have to work together. They’re part of what makes lifting, reaching and flexing possible. But over time, the cartilage that cushions the bone in your shoulder joint can break down.

If you don’t have much of this cushioning left, surgery may be a good option for you. Surgery can also help if your pain is unbearable and won’t go away with other options.

Surgery replaces the damaged part of your upper arm bone, which can help with cartilage issues. Afterward, your shoulder won’t move as far as it did before. But it should feel better and have less pain.

Orthopedic centers have many options to relieve shoulder pain. Total joint replacement surgery is one of those options.

So when shoulder pain becomes unbearable, don’t shrug it off.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.

New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.

Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.

If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

Causes and Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Injuries

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Article featured on MedlinePlus

What is a rotator cuff?

Your rotator cuff is part of your shoulder joint. It’s a group of muscles and tendons that holds the top part of your upper arm bone firmly in your shoulder socket. The rotator cuff keeps your shoulder stable when you move your arm in any direction.

What are rotator cuff injuries?

Rotator cuff injuries are common. Most of them are wear-and-tear injuries from doing the same arm movements over and over – especially reaching over your head. With time, the tissues in the rotator cuff break down, leading to these injuries:

  • Tendinitis. The tendons in the rotator cuff connect your muscles to your shoulder bones. In tendinitis, the tendons become irritated and swollen from being pinched during shoulder movements.
  • Bursitis. The bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that pads the space between the rotator cuff and the bones of your shoulder. Bursitis happens when the muscle and bone rub the bursa too much. It swells with extra fluid, which causes pain
  • Rotator cuff tears. Tears in a rotator cuff tendon can happen over time or suddenly from an injury, such as falling on an outstretched arm or lifting something heavy. A tear may go part way through a tendon (partial tear) or all the way through (full tear).

Who is more likely to develop a rotator cuff injury?

Anyone can develop a rotator cuff injury. But certain people are more likely to have one:

  • People over age 40. Most rotator cuff injuries are from the wear and tear of aging. By age 80, most adults have tears.
  • Athletes. Playing sports with repeated shoulder movements increases the risk of a rotator cuff injury, for example, tennis, swimming, and baseball – especially pitching.
  • People in jobs that require a lot of reaching overhead or heavy lifting. Carpenters, construction workers, and painters are examples of workers who may be more likely to have rotator cuff problems.

What are the symptoms of rotator cuff injuries?

Rotator cuff injuries don’t always cause pain. But when they do, the pain is often in the top part of your arm or shoulder. You may feel more pain when you:

  • Lie down, especially on the injured shoulder
  • Lift your arm or lower it to the front or side
  • Reach behind your back

Other symptoms from a torn rotator cuff may include:

  • Loss of strength in the arm
  • Clicking or popping sounds when you move your arm

How are rotator cuff injuries diagnosed?

To find out if you have a rotator cuff injury, your health care provider:

  • Will examine your shoulder. This includes checking the range of motion and where the pain is.
  • Will test your arm and shoulder strength.
  • May order imaging tests, such as x-rays, an ultrasound, or an MRI scan.

What are the treatments for rotator cuff injuries?

The best treatment for you depends on your age, how much your injury bothers you, and whether your injury was sudden or happened from wear and tear.

Treatments for rotator cuff injuries often include:

  • Rest
  • Putting ice or a cold pack on the sore area
  • Pain relievers to lessen pain and swelling, such as ibuprofen or aspirin
  • Physical therapy exercises to strengthen your shoulder and improve movement
  • A corticosteroid shot into your shoulder joint if other treatments don’t help with the pain

Treatments for rotator cuff tendinitis and bursitis may also include ultrasound therapy. Surgery may be an option if your shoulder doesn’t feel better in 6 to 12 months.

Treatments for a torn rotator cuff may also include heat to the sore area or electrical stimulation of the nerves and muscles (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS).

You provider may suggest surgery if your tear is large or is from a recent injury, or symptoms last for 6 to 12 months.

When should I see a health care provider for shoulder pain?

If certain activities bother your shoulder, it’s best to stop doing them and check with your provider. That’s because early treatment can prevent mild rotator cuff injuries from becoming more serious later on. If you your arm feels weak right after a sudden injury to your shoulder, see your provider as soon as possible.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.

New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.

Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.

If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

Symptoms & Solutions: Rotator Cuff Tears

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Article featured on Arkansas Surgical Hospital

Rotator cuff tears are intensely painful injuries to the rotator cuff area, which is a group of muscles in the shoulder that allows you to make a wide range of movements. While a minor rotator cuff tear can be treated in various ways, a severely torn rotator cuff often requires surgery for a full recovery.

Most rotator cuff tears result from a single incident, such as a sports accident, a fall, or lifting something that’s too heavy. Sometimes, a tear can result from a bone spur in the shoulder. Rotator cuff tears are also prevalent in individuals who use repetitive motions, such as lifting boxes or reaching above their heads. For example, construction workers and delivery people often develop rotator cuff tears after years of overusing their shoulder joints.

Symptoms of a Torn Rotator Cuff Pain

The first and most noticeable sign of a rotator cuff tear is pain that can be excruciating. The pain will cover a large area, including the outside of your shoulder and upper arm. The discomfort increases when you lift your arm over your head and is usually worse when you’re trying to sleep. Because nerves run down the arm from the rotator cuff, some patients experience pain as far down as their elbow. A constant, dull throbbing or ache in the shoulder is also common.

Movement Limitations

If the rotator cuff is torn, it will be difficult to move your arm and shoulder normally. Simple activities like brushing your hair, getting dressed, and preparing food will cause a great deal of pain. Carrying even small items may be difficult because you don’t have a full range of motion.

Stiffness

Your shoulder becomes stiff and tender when you have a torn rotator cuff. If you stop moving your arm, the area will become even more inflexible. This complicates the situation since movement is painful but not moving the joint can lead to a stiff or frozen shoulder.

Weakness

When your rotator cuff is torn, your shoulder can’t support as much weight as it normally does. Lifting something even as light as a book or a mug of coffee may be difficult. Your grip may be weak, making it difficult to keep hold of things.

Treatment Options for a Torn Rotator Cuff

Rest, Ice, & Physical Therapy

If the tear is minimal, resting the area and periodically icing it to reduce the inflammation may be helpful. Doctors usually combine this method with physical therapy to promote movement and keep the area from stiffening and impacting your range of motion. After several days, ice may be alternated with heat to improve blood flow. Patients may want to use a sling to support the shoulder and minimize discomfort when they’re not in physical therapy. In addition, over-the-counter pain medications can alleviate shoulder pain.

Steroid Injections

For intense pain, steroid injections into the joint near the tear can reduce swelling and help you rest comfortably. These injections provide temporary relief so you can continue with physical therapy and sleep better. However, using them for too long or at high doses should be avoided to minimize the risk of weakening the damaged tendon.

Rotator Cuff Surgery

There are several surgical options for rotator cuff tears. And if the injury is severe enough, surgery may be the only option.

Your physician can help you determine whether surgery is the best option for you. If you have to use your arms to lift or reach over your head for work or sports, surgery may be a good idea. Other indications that rotator cuff repair surgery may be the right choice for you include:

  • Pain that has lasted at least 6 months
  • A tear resulting from an acute injury
  • A tear larger than 3 centimeters in an otherwise healthy tendon
  • Weakness, loss of function, or a limited range of motion that lasts several months

Types of Surgery for Rotator Cuff Tears

Partial Rotator Cuff Repair

A partial rotator cuff repair is performed when the tendon is torn but hasn’t fully detached from the underlying bone. Part of the acromion bone—which is located on the scapula, or shoulder blade—is removed during the procedure. This gives the rotator cuff more room for movement.

Arthroscopic surgery is then performed to removed the inflamed bursa sac and smooth the frayed ends of the torn tendon. If needed, a damaged ligament may also be removed. This procedure is done through small incisions on the side and back of the shoulder.

Full Rotator Cuff Repair

A full rotator cuff repair surgery is needed if the tendon has torn through completely or is completely detached from the humerus, or upper arm bone. A full rotator cuff repair may be performed in a few different ways based on the extent of the damage.

  • Arthroscopic surgery: Small incisions are made in the back and side of the shoulder, debris is flushed out with a saline solution, and the surgeon removes any damage such as bone spurs. Then, the tendon is reattached the humerus with suture anchors.
  • Open surgery: This is done only in cases of severe joint degeneration or severe injury. Bone and tissue grafts from other areas of the body are used to replace damaged bone, cartilage, and tendons. The tendon is then reattached to the head of the humerus bone.
  • Mini-open surgery: This “in-between” option is sometimes done if the surgeon needs a larger incision than is used in arthroscopic surgery, but grafts or opening the entire shoulder joint aren’t required.

Get Help for Your Torn Rotator Cuff

If shoulder pain and limited movement impact your daily life, it’s essential to see a doctor who’s familiar with the treatment options for rotator cuff tears.

Physicians will use x-rays, MRIs, arthroscopy, and other tools, combined with a physical exam, to determine the extent of the damage and advise you on your treatment options.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.

New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.

Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.

If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

Do I Need Surgery for a Rotator Cuff Problem?

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Article featured on WebMD, Reviewed by Tyler Wheeler, MD on May 16, 2021

Some rotator cuff problems are easily treated at home. But if yours is severe, or lingers for more than a few months, you may need surgery.

What Causes Rotator Cuff Problems

Your rotator cuff is a group of tendons and muscles in your shoulder. It helps you lift and rotate your arm. It also helps keep your shoulder joint in place. But sometimes, the rotator cuff tendons tear or get pinched by the bones around them. An injury, like falling on your arm, can cause this to happen. But wear and tear over time can take its toll on your shoulder, too. The pain can be severe.

Treatment

Home care can treat many rotator cuff problems. Your doctor will tell you to rest your shoulder joint and ice the area. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help ease your pain and swelling while your rotator cuff heals. Physical therapy will help restore your shoulder strength.

What About Surgery?

If you’re not getting any relief with these steps, surgery may be the next option for you.
You may need surgery if:

  • Your shoulder hasn’t improved after 6 to 12 months
  • You’ve lost a lot of strength in your shoulder and find it painful to move
  • You have a tear in your rotator cuff tendon
  • You’re active and rely on your shoulder strength for your job or to play sports

What Type of Surgery Do I Need?

Surgery can relieve your pain and restore function to your shoulder. Some are done on an outpatient basis. For others, you may need to stay in a hospital.
The most common types are:
Arthroscopic repair. After making one or two very small cuts in your skin, a surgeon will insert a tiny camera called an arthroscope and special, thin tools into your shoulder. These will let them see which parts of your rotator cuff are damaged and how best to fix them.
Open tendon repair. This surgery has been around a long time. It was the first technique used to repair the rotator cuff. If you have a tear that’s very large or complex, your surgeon may choose this method.

A large incision is made in your shoulder, then your shoulder muscle is detached so the surgeon has direct access to your tendon. This is helpful if your tendon or shoulder joint needs to be replaced. Both of these surgeries can be done under general anesthesia, which allows you to sleep through the whole thing. They can also be done with a “regional block,” which allows you to stay awake while your arm and shoulder stay numb.You can talk to your doctor ahead of time about the type of anesthesia you prefer.

Recovery

Recovery from arthroscopic surgery is typically quicker than open tendon repair. Since open tendon repair is more involved, you may also have more pain right afterwards.
No matter which surgery you have, a full recovery will take time. You should expect to be in a sling for about 6 weeks. This protects your shoulder and gives your rotator cuff time to heal. Driving a car will be off limits for at least a month.

Most people don’t get instant pain relief from surgery. It may take a few months before your shoulder starts feeling better. Until then, your doctor will advise you to take over-the-counter pain relievers.
Physical therapy will be a key part of your recovery. Your doctor will give you exercises to do every day or you can work with a physical therapist. The movements you learn will help you regain your shoulder strength and range of motion.While the recovery from rotator cuff surgery can be a challenge, most people are back to their normal routine within 6 months.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopaedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.
New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopaedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.
Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopaedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.
If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

Is Swimming Bad for Your Shoulders?

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Article from CORA

Even though exercising in water takes strain off joints, bad form or overuse can cause damage.

Water is extremely therapeutic for the body, and swimming provides many health benefits, such as weight control, improved muscle tone and strength, enhanced endurance, and cardiovascular fitness. Swimming can also be a great exercise for your shoulders, but take note: excessive swimming, poor body mechanics, and improper technique can aggravate any underlying shoulder issues. Learn the role of the shoulder in swimming and how to enjoy this sport while preventing injury.
The shoulder is a complex and extremely mobile joint, designed to obtain the greatest range of motion with the most freedom of any joint system in the body. Swimming requires the shoulder to perform several complex maneuvers: overhead, reaching, and repetitive movements in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Competitive swimmers can perform more than 4,000 strokes per shoulder in a single workout, making them susceptible to shoulder pain, so much so that the term “swimmer’s shoulder” was coined. Even amateur and recreational swimmers can experience shoulder problems due to improper form. Consequently, shoulder pain is a very common musculoskeletal complaint among swimmers.

Risks and Benefits of Swimming

Generally, swimming is very good for the shoulder because it allows muscles to be exercised without excessively loading the joint. It also provides effective aerobic training that won’t stress the hips, knees, and ankles. Many patients suffering from low back pain are advised to swim as a form of rehabilitation and exercise because of its low impact buoyancy.
While it is important to maintain correct biomechanics of the shoulder joint before, during, and after swimming, according to research published in the North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, many swimmers will inherently adjust their stroke to avoid painful movement patterns. So if you are tired or have strength or flexibility issues that lead to improper form, swimming can be harmful.
Repetitive shoulder can lead to overuse and trauma to the joints and ligaments that support the shoulder. If you are currently experiencing shoulder pain, you should get schedule an appointment with a physical therapist before performing any new physical activity, including swimming, to prevent permanent damage.

Swimming Best Practices

When beginning a swimming program, follow these best practices to avoid shoulder injury:

  • Start slowly and gradually increase the frequency and intensity of your workouts to allow time for your muscles to adapt to your new exercise regimen.
  • Always warm up and cool down by stretching your chest and shoulders for approximately five minutes before and after swimming.
  • Practice shoulder stabilization exercises to help avoid injury.
  • Alter your swimming strokes: perform the backstroke one day, the breaststroke the next, etc. Varying your strokes will lessen repetitive movements and help avoid cumulative trauma.
  • Incorporate drills into your routine that focus on kicking, stork technique, and alternating breathing.

If you are experiencing shoulder pain due to swimming, a physical therapist can help you restore normal strength and avoid aggravation of the injury. A physical therapist can not only determine the cause of the problem, but also help you choose the best treatment option. Therapist-administered treatments including manual therapy, stabilization, ultrasound, phonophoresis, iontophoresis, and electrical stimulation can help reduce or eliminate shoulder pain and inflammation and increase flexibility.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopaedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.
New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopaedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.
Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopaedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.
If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

Frozen shoulder: What you need to know

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Article on MedicalNewsToday, medically reviewed by William Morrison, M.D. — Written by Caroline Gillott on December 5, 2017

Frozen shoulder is a common condition in which the shoulder stiffens, reducing its mobility. It is also known as adhesive capsulitis.

The term “frozen shoulder” is often used incorrectly for arthritis, but these two conditions are unrelated. Frozen shoulder refers specifically to the shoulder joint, while arthritis may refer to other or multiple joints. It commonly affects people aged between 40 and 60 years, and it is more likely in women than in men. It is estimated to affect about 3 percent of people. It can affect one or both shoulders.

Exercises

Frequent, gentle exercise can prevent and possibly reverse stiffness in the shoulder.
The American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) suggest some simple exercises:
Crossover arm stretch: Holding the upper arm of the affected side, gently pull the arm across in front of you, under the chin. Hold for 30 seconds. Relax and repeat.
Exercises should be guided by a doctor, an osteopath, or a physical therapist. Anyone experiencing stiffness in the shoulder joint should seek medical attention sooner rather than later to prevent permanent stiffness.
Harvard Medical School suggest the following exercises for relieving a frozen shoulder:

Pendulum stretch

Stand with the shoulders relaxed. Lean forward with the hand of the unaffected arm resting on a table. Let the affected arm hang down vertically and swing in a small circle, around 1 foot in diameter. Increase the diameter over several days, as you gain strength.

Towel stretch

Grab both ends of a towel behind your back. With the good arm, pull the towel, and the affected arm, up toward the shoulder. Repeat 10 to 20 times a day.

Symptoms

A person with a frozen shoulder will have a persistently painful and stiff shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms develop gradually, and usually resolve on their own.

Causes

The shoulder is made up of three bones: The shoulder blade, the collarbone, and the upper arm bone, or humerus. The shoulder has a ball-and-socket joint. The round head of the upper arm bone fits into this socket. Connective tissue, known as the shoulder capsule, surrounds this joint. Synovial fluid enables the joint to move without friction.
Frozen shoulder is thought to happen when scar tissue forms in the shoulder. This causes the shoulder joint’s capsule to thicken and tighten, leaving less room for movement. Movement may become stiff and painful. The exact cause is not fully understood, and it cannot always be identified. However, most people with frozen shoulder have experienced immobility as a result of a recent injury or fracture. The condition is common in people with diabetes.

Risk factors

Common risk factors for frozen shoulder are:

  • Age: Being over 40 years of age.
  • Gender: 70 percent of people with frozen shoulder are women.
  • Recent trauma: Surgery or and arm fracture can lead to immobility during recovery, and this may cause the shoulder capsule to stiffen.
  • Diabetes: 10 to 20 percent of people with diabetes develop frozen shoulder, and symptoms may be more severe. The reasons are unclear.

Other conditions that can increase the risk are:

  • stroke
  • hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid
  • hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid
  • cardiovascular disease
  • Parkinson’s disease

Stages

Symptoms are usually classified in three stages, as they worsen gradually and then resolve within a 2- to 3-year period.
The AAOS describe three stages:

  • Freezing, or painful stage: Pain increases gradually, making shoulder motion harder and harder. Pain tends to be worse at night. This stage can last from 6 weeks to 9 months.
  • Frozen: Pain does not worsen, and it may decrease at this stage. The shoulder remains stiff. It can last from 4 to 6 months, and movement may be restricted.
  • Thawing: Movement gets easier and may eventually return to normal. Pain may fade but occasionally recur. This takes between 6 months and 2 years.

Over 90 percent of people find that with simple exercises and pain control, symptoms improve. A frozen shoulder normally recovers, but it can take 3 years.

Diagnosis

Doctors will most likely diagnose frozen shoulder based on signs, symptoms, and a physical exam, paying close attention to the arms and shoulders. The severity of frozen shoulder is determined by a basic test in which a doctor presses and moves certain parts of the arm and shoulder. Structural problems can only be identified with the help of imaging tests, such as an X-ray or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Treatment

The aim is to alleviate pain and preserve mobility and flexibility in the shoulder. In time and with treatment, 9 out of 10 patients experience relief. However, recovery may be slow, and symptoms can persist for several years. There are several ways to relieve pain and alleviate the condition.
Painkillers: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available to purchase over-the counter, and may reduce inflammation and alleviate mild pain. Not all painkillers are suitable for every patient, so it is important to review options with the doctor.
Hot or cold compression packs: These can help reduce pain and swelling. Alternating between the two may help.
Corticosteroid injections: However, repeated corticosteroid injections are discouraged as they can have adverse effects, including further damage to the shoulder.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): This works by numbing the nerve endings in the spinal cord that control pain. The TENS machine sends small to electrodes, or small electric pads, that are applied to the skin on the affected shoulder. Various TENS machines from different brands are available to purchase online.
Physical therapy: This can provide training in exercises to maintain as much mobility and flexibility as possible without straining the shoulder or causing too much pain.
Shoulder manipulation: The shoulder joint is gently moved while the patient is under a general anesthetic.
Shoulder arthroscopy: A minimally invasive type of surgery used in a small percentage of cases. A small endoscope, or tube, is inserted through a small incision into the shoulder joint to remove any scar tissue or adhesions. The doctor will suggest a suitable option depending on the severity of signs and symptoms.

Prevention

Frozen shoulder can only be prevented if it is caused by an injury that makes shoulder movement difficult. Anyone who experiences such an injury should talk to a doctor about exercises for maintaining mobility and flexibility of the shoulder joint.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopaedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.
New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopaedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.
Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopaedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.
If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.

What to Know About Front Shoulder Pain

What to Know About Front Shoulder Pain

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From Medical News Today; Medically reviewed by William Morrison, M.D. — Written by Sunali Wadehraon January 22, 2019

Damage to the shoulder may result from repetitive movements, manual labor, sports, or aging. A person may also injure this part of the body due to a bad fall or accident. Many people visit the doctor with front, or anterior, shoulder pain.

Read more

Shoulder Injuries in the Throwing Athlete

Shoulder Injuries in the Throwing Athlete

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Article Featured on AAOS

Overhand throwing places extremely high stresses on the shoulder, specifically to the anatomy that keeps the shoulder stable. In throwing athletes, these high stresses are repeated many times and can lead to a wide range of overuse injuries.

Although throwing injuries in the shoulder most commonly occur in baseball pitchers, they can be seen in any athlete who participates in sports that require repetitive overhand motions, such as volleyball, tennis, and some track and field events.

Anatomy of the Shoulder

Your shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint made up of three bones: your upper arm bone (humerus), your shoulder blade (scapula), and your collarbone (clavicle).

The head of your upper arm bone fits into a rounded socket in your shoulder blade. This socket is called the glenoid. Surrounding the outside edge of the glenoid is a rim of strong, fibrous tissue called the labrum. The labrum helps to deepen the socket and stabilize the shoulder joint. It also serves as an attachment point for many of the ligaments of the shoulder, as well as one of the tendons from the biceps muscle in the arm.

Strong connective tissue, called the shoulder capsule, is the ligament system of the shoulder and keeps the head of the upper arm bone centered in the glenoid socket. This tissue covers the shoulder joint and attaches the upper end of the arm bone to the shoulder blade.

The bones of the shoulder

The bones of the shoulder. Reproduced with permission from J Bernstein, ed: Musculoskeletal Medicine. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003.

The ligaments of the shoulder

The ligaments of the shoulder. Reproduced with permission from J Bernstein, ed: Musculoskeletal Medicine. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003.

Your shoulder also relies on strong tendons and muscles to keep your shoulder stable. Some of these muscles are called the rotator cuff. The rotator cuff is made up of four muscles that come together as tendons to form a covering or cuff of tissue around the head of the humerus.

The biceps muscle in the upper arm has two tendons that attach it to the shoulder blade. The long head attaches to the top of the shoulder socket (glenoid). The short head attaches to a bump on the shoulder blade called the coracoid process. These attachments help to center the humeral head in the glenoid socket.

rotator cuff anatomy

This illustration shows the biceps tendons and the four muscles and their tendons that form the rotator cuff and stabilize the shoulder joint. Reproduced and adapted with permission from The Body Almanac. (c) American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003.

In addition to the ligaments and rotator cuff, muscles in the upper back play an important role in keeping the shoulder stable. These muscles include the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior, and they are referred to as the scapular stabilizers. They control the scapula and clavicle bones — called the shoulder girdle — which functions as the foundation for the shoulder joint.

Muscles in the upper back

Muscles in the upper back help to keep the shoulder stable, particularly during overhead motions, like throwing. (Note: this illustration has been drawn in such a way to show the many layers of muscle in the back.) Reproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.

Cause

When athletes throw repeatedly at high speed, significant stresses are placed on the anatomical structures that keep the humeral head centered in the glenoid socket.

baseball pitching phases

The phases of pitching a baseball. Reproduced and adapted with permission from Poss R (ed): Orthopaedic Knowledge Update 3. Rosemont, IL. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1990, pp 293-302.

Of the five phases that make up the pitching motion, the late cocking and follow-through phases place the greatest forces on the shoulder.

  • Late-cocking phase. In order to generate maximum pitch speed, the thrower must bring the arm and hand up and behind the body during the late cocking phase. This arm position of extreme external rotation helps the thrower put speed on the ball, however, it also forces the head of the humerus forward which places significant stress on the ligaments in the front of the shoulder. Over time, the ligaments loosen, resulting in greater external rotation and greater pitching speed, but less shoulder stability.
  • Follow-through phase. During acceleration, the arm rapidly rotates internally. Once the ball is released, follow-through begins and the ligaments and rotator cuff tendons at the back of the shoulder must handle significant stresses to decelerate the arm and control the humeral head.

When one structure — such as the ligament system — becomes weakened due to repetitive stresses, other structures must handle the overload. As a result, a wide range of shoulder injuries can occur in the throwing athlete.

The rotator cuff and labrum are the shoulder structures most vulnerable to throwing injuries.

Common Throwing Injuries In the Shoulder

SLAP Tears (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior)

In a SLAP injury, the top (superior) part of the labrum is injured. This top area is also where the long head of the biceps tendon attaches to the labrum. A SLAP tear occurs both in front (anterior) and in back (posterior) of this attachment point.

Typical symptoms are a catching or locking sensation, and pain with certain shoulder movements. Pain deep within the shoulder or with certain arm positions is also common.

shoulder labrum and SLAP tear

(Left) The labrum helps to deepen the shoulder socket.

(Right) This cross-section view of the shoulder socket shows a typical SLAP tear.

Bicep Tendinitis and Tendon Tears

Repetitive throwing can inflame and irritate the upper biceps tendon. This is called biceps tendinitis. Pain in the front of the shoulder and weakness are common symptoms of biceps tendinitis.

Occasionally, the damage to the tendon caused by tendinitis can result in a tear. A torn biceps tendon may cause a sudden, sharp pain in the upper arm. Some people will hear a popping or snapping noise when the tendon tears.

biceps tendinitis

(Left) The biceps tendon helps to keep the head of the humerus centered in the glenoid socket. (Right) Tendinitis causes the tendon to become red and swollen.

Rotator Cuff Tendinitis and Tears

When a muscle or tendon is overworked, it can become inflamed. The rotator cuff is frequently irritated in throwers, resulting in tendinitis.

Early symptoms include pain that radiates from the front of the shoulder to the side of the arm. Pain may be present during throwing, other activities, and at rest. As the problem progresses, pain may occur at night, and the athlete may experience a loss of strength and motion.

Rotator cuff tears often begin by fraying. As the damage worsens, the tendon can tear. When one or more of the rotator cuff tendons is torn, the tendon no longer fully attaches to the head of the humerus. Most tears in throwing athletes occur in the supraspinatus tendon.

rotator cuff tear

Rotator cuff tendon tears in throwers most often occur within the tendon. In some cases, the tendon can tear away from where it attaches to the humerus.

Problems with the rotator cuff often lead to shoulder bursitis. There is a lubricating sac called a bursa between the rotator cuff and the bone on top of your shoulder (acromion). The bursa allows the rotator cuff tendons to glide freely when you move your arm. When the rotator cuff tendons are injured or damaged, this bursa can also become inflamed and painful.

Internal Impingement

During the cocking phase of an overhand throw, the rotator cuff tendons at the back of the shoulder can get pinched between the humeral head and the glenoid. This is called internal impingement and may result in a partial tearing of the rotator cuff tendon. Internal impingement may also damage the labrum, causing part of it to peel off from the glenoid.

Internal impingement may be due to some looseness in the structures at the front of the joint, as well as tightness in the back of the shoulder.

The muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff

The muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff. Reproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.

shoulder impingement

This illustration shows the infraspinatus tendon caught between the humeral head and the glenoid. Reproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.

Instability

Shoulder instability occurs when the head of the humerus slips out of the shoulder socket (dislocation). When the shoulder is loose and moves out of place repeatedly, it is called chronic shoulder instability.

In throwers, instability develops gradually over years from repetitive throwing that stretches the ligaments and creates increased laxity (looseness). If the rotator cuff structures are not able to control the laxity, then the shoulder will slip slightly off-center (subluxation) during the throwing motion.

Pain and loss of throwing velocity will be the initial symptoms, rather than a sensation of the shoulder “slipping out of place.” Occasionally, the thrower may feel the arm “go dead.” A common term for instability many years ago was “dead arm syndrome.”

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)

As mentioned above, the extreme external rotation required to throw at high speeds typically causes the ligaments at the front of the shoulder to stretch and loosen. A natural and common result is that the soft tissues in the back of the shoulder tighten, leading to loss of internal rotation.

This loss of internal rotation puts throwers at greater risk for labral and rotator cuff tears.

Scapular Rotation Dysfunction (SICK Scapula)

abnormal positioning of the scapula

This photograph shows abnormal positioning of the scapula on the right side. Reproduced with permission from Kibler B, Sciascia A, Wilkes T: Scapular Dyskinesis and Its Relation to Shoulder Injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2012; 20:364-372.

Proper movement and rotation of the scapula over the chest wall is important during the throwing motion. The scapula (shoulder blade) connects to only one other bone: the clavicle. As a result, the scapula relies on several muscles in the upper back to keep it in position to support healthy shoulder movement.

During throwing, repetitive use of scapular muscles creates changes in the muscles that affect the position of the scapula and increase the risk of shoulder injury.

Scapular rotation dysfunction is characterized by drooping of the affected shoulder. The most common symptom is pain at the front of the shoulder, near the collarbone.

In many throwing athletes with SICK scapula, the chest muscles tighten in response to changes in the upper back muscles. Lifting weights and chest strengthening exercises can aggravate this condition.

Doctor Examination

Medical History and Physical Examination

The medical history portion of the initial doctor visit includes discussion about your general medical health, symptoms and when they first began, and the nature and frequency of athletic participation

During the physicial examination, your doctor will check the range of motion, strength, and stability of your shoulder. He or she may perform specific tests by placing your arm in different positions to reproduce your symptoms.

The results of these tests help the doctor decide if additional testing or imaging of the shoulder is necessary.

Imaging Tests

Your doctor may order tests to confirm your diagnosis and identify any associated problems.

X-rays. This imaging test creates clear pictures of dense structures, like bone. X-rays will show any problems within the bones of your shoulder, such as arthritis or fractures.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This imaging study shows better images of soft tissues. It may help your doctor identify injuries to the labrum, ligaments, and tendons surrounding your shoulder joint.

Computed tomography (CT) scan. This test combines x-rays with computer technology to produce a very detailed view of the bones in the shoulder area.

Ultrasound. Real time images of muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and soft tissues can be produced using ultrasound. This test is typically used to diagnose rotator cuff tears in individuals who are not able to have MRI scans.

Treatment

Left untreated, throwing injuries in the shoulder can become complicated conditions.

Nonsurgical Treatment

In many cases, the initial treatment for a throwing injury in the shoulder is nonsurgical. Treatment options may include:

  • Activity modification. Your doctor may first recommend simply changing your daily routine and avoiding activities that cause symptoms.
  • Ice. Applying icepacks to the shoulder can reduce any swelling.
  • Anti-inflammatory medication. Drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen can relieve pain and inflammation. They can also be provided in prescription-strength form.
  • Physical therapy. In order to improve the range of motion in your shoulder and strengthen the muscles that support the joint, your doctor may recommend specific exercises. Physical therapy can focus on muscles and ligament tightness in the back of the shoulder and help to strengthen the structures in the front of the shoulder. This can relieve some stress on any injured structures, such as the labrum or rotator cuff tendon.
  • Change of position. Throwing mechanics can be evaluated in order to correct body positioning that puts excessive stress on injured shoulder structures. Although a change of position or even a change in sport can eliminate repetitive stresses on the shoulder and provide lasting relief, this is often undesirable, especially in high level athletes.
  • Cortisone injection— If rest, medications, and physical therapy do not relieve your pain, an injection of a local anesthetic and a cortisone preparation may be helpful. Cortisone is a very effective anti-inflammatory medicine. Injecting it into the bursa beneath the acromion can provide long-term pain relief for tears or other structural damage.

cortisone injection in shoulder

A cortisone injection may relieve painful symptoms. Reproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.
Your doctor may recommend surgery based on your history, physical examination, and imaging studies, or if your symptoms are not relieved by nonsurgical treatment.The type of surgery performed will depend on several factors, such as your injury, age, and anatomy. Your orthopaedic surgeon will discuss with you the best procedure to meet your individual health needs.

Arthroscopy. Most throwing injuries can be treated with arthroscopic surgery. During arthroscopy, the surgeon inserts a small camera, called an arthroscope, into the shoulder joint. The camera displays pictures on a television screen, and the surgeon uses these images to guide miniature surgical instruments.

Because the arthroscope and surgical instruments are thin, the surgeon can use very small incisions (cuts), rather than the larger incision needed for standard, open surgery.

During arthroscopy, your doctor can repair damage to soft tissues, such as the labrum, ligaments, or rotator cuff.

shoulder arthroscopy

During arthroscopy, your surgeon inserts the arthroscope and small instruments into your shoulder joint.

Open surgery. A traditional open surgical incision (several centimeters long) is often required if the injury is large or complex.

Rehabilitation. After surgery, the repair needs to be protected while the injury heals. To keep your arm from moving, you will most likely use a sling for for a short period of time. How long you require a sling depends upon the severity of your injury.

As soon as your comfort allows, your doctor may remove the sling to begin a physical therapy program.

In general, a therapy program focuses first on flexibility. Gentle stretches will improve your range of motion and prevent stiffness in your shoulder. As healing progresses, exercises to strengthen the shoulder muscles and the rotator cuff will gradually be added to your program. This typically occurs 4 to 6 weeks after surgery.

Your doctor will discuss with you when it is safe to return to sports activity. If your goal is to return to overhead sports activities, your doctor or physical therapist will direct a therapy program that includes a gradual return to throwing.

It typically takes 2 to 4 months to achieve complete relief of pain, but it may take up to a year to return to your sports activities.

Prevention

In recent years, there has been a great deal of attention on preventing throwing injuries of the shoulder.

Proper conditioning, technique, and recovery time can help to prevent throwing injuries. Throwers should strive to maintain good shoulder girdle function with proper stretches and upper back and torso strengthening.

In the case of younger athletes, pitching guidelines regarding number of pitches per game and week, as well as type of pitches thrown, have been developed to protect children from injury.

New Mexico Orthopaedics is a multi-disciplinary orthopaedic clinic located in Albuquerque New Mexico. We have multiple physical therapy clinics located throughout the Albuquerque metro area.

New Mexico Orthopaedics offers a full spectrum of services related to orthopaedic care and our expertise ranges from acute conditions such as sports injuries and fractures to prolonged, chronic care diagnoses, including total joint replacement and spinal disorders.

Because our team of highly-trained physicians specialize in various aspects of the musculoskeletal system, our practice has the capacity to treat any orthopaedic condition, and offer related support services, such as physical therapy, WorkLink and much more.

If you need orthopedic care in Albuquerque New Mexico contact New Mexico Orthopaedics at 505-724-4300.